NOC 2021 · 41409 · TEER 1
NOC 41409: Other professional occupations in social science
Official NOC 2021, Job Bank and IRCC data · checked 21 October 2026
Other professional occupations in social science include anthropologists, archaeologists, geographers, historians, linguists, political scientists, sociologists and other professional occupations in social science. They are employed in universities and throughout the public and private sectors.
TEER
TEER 1
Usually needs a university degree
Median wage (Canada)
$40.00 / hour
Job Bank, 2023-2024
High-wage tier (from 3 Nov 2026)
Tier 3
+20 CRS for Canadian work, or 50 for a job offer
Express Entry categories
None
General and program draws only
Express Entry
How NOC 41409 counts for Express Entry
- Federal Skilled Worker: eligible occupationNeeds 1 year of continuous skilled (TEER 0–3) work in the last 10 years and 67 points on the FSW grid.
- Canadian Experience Class: eligible occupationNeeds 1 year of skilled (TEER 0–3) work in Canada in the last 3 years.
- Federal Skilled Trades: not eligibleNeeds 2 years of work in an eligible trade group in the last 5 years, plus a job offer or a Canadian certificate of qualification.
High-wage CRS points
NOC 41409 is in tier 3 of IRCC's high-wage list, in effect from 3 November 2026.
| 12+ months of Canadian work | +20 points on top of work-length points |
|---|---|
| Qualifying job offer (no LMIA) | 50 points |
You get whichever option scores higher, not both.
See all 186 high-wage occupationsCategory-based draws
NOC 41409 is not on any of IRCC's 2026 occupation categories. You can still be invited through general, program-specific or French-language draws.
IRCC category listsDuties
Main duties
This group performs some or all of the following duties:
- Anthropologists
- Conduct studies of the origin, development and functioning of human societies and cultures and of human evolution, changing physical characteristics and geographical distribution.
- Archaeologists
- Study artifacts (objects and structures) to reconstruct past economic, social, political and intellectual life.
- Criminologists
- Study crime, criminals, prevention and rehabilitation, and may assist and counsel individuals on their social reintegration.
- Geographers
- Study and analyse the spatial distribution and interrelationship of physical, biological, cultural and social patterns.
- Historians
- Conduct research into one or more phases or aspects of past human activity and interpret and document findings.
- Linguists
- Study the origin, structure and development of languages and apply linguistic theory to problems in teaching, translation and communications.
- Political scientists
- Conduct research into the theory, origin, development, interrelationships and functioning of political institutions, political movements and individual political behaviour.
- Psychometricians
- Develop psychological tests, scales and measures, and may administer or apply and interpret such tests, scales and measures. Psychometrists administer and score psychological tests, usually under the supervision of a registered psychologist.
- Sociologists
- Study the development, structure, social patterns and interrelationships of human society.
- Other social science professionals
- Specialize in particular areas of social sciences and humanities disciplines. These include gerontologists (specialists in the phenomena and problems of aging), graphoanalysts (specialists in handwriting analysis) and others.
- Specialization usually exists within each of these occupations.
For Express Entry, your experience must match the lead statement and most of these duties, not only the job title.
Job titles
Example job titles
- anthropologist
- archaeologist
- geographer
- gerontologist
- historian
- linguist
- political scientist
- psychometrist
- sociologist
All 62 job titles in NOC 41409
- anthropologist
- applied anthropologist
- applied geographer
- applied linguist
- archaeological consultant
- archaeological field worker
- archaeologist
- biogeographer
- biological anthropologist
- criminologist
- cultural anthropologist
- cultural geographer
- diplomatic historian
- dramatic arts historian
- economic geographer
- economic historian
- educational sociologist
- ethnographer
- ethnologist
- etymologist
- genealogist
- geographer
- gerontologist
- graphoanalyst
- graphologist
- handwriting analyst
- handwriting expert
- historian
- historical geographer
- industrial geographer
- industrial sociologist
- linguist
- linguistic anthropologist
- medical sociologist
- military historian
- penologist
- philologist
- philosopher
- physical anthropologist
- physical geographer
- political geographer
- political historian
- political scientist
- politicist
- psycholinguist
- psychometrician
- psychometrist
- quantitative historian
- research anthropologist
- research archaeologist
- rural sociologist
- scientific handwriting expert
- social and cultural anthropologist
- social anthropologist
- social ecologist
- social historian
- social scientist
- sociolinguist
- sociologist
- theatre historian
- urban geographer
- urban sociologist
Also includes: criminologist.
Requirements
Employment requirements
- A master's or doctoral degree in the discipline is usually required.
- In Quebec, membership in the regulatory body for criminologists is required to use the title "Criminologist".
Additional information
- Specialization within each occupation occurs through specialized university study or through experience.
Wages
Wages for NOC 41409 in Canada
Low, median and high wages per hour in Canadian dollars, from ESDC Job Bank's 2025 wage data.
| Region | Low | Median | High | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canada | $26.15 | $40.00 | $62.00 | Labour Force Survey, 2023-2024 |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | $25.50 | $39.86 | $50.58 | Small Area Estimation, 2024 |
| Nova Scotia | $25.63 | $36.96 | $54.56 | Small Area Estimation, 2024 |
| New Brunswick | $26.30 | $41.58 | $57.60 | Small Area Estimation, 2024 |
| Quebec | $26.95 | $39.38 | $58.26 | Small Area Estimation, 2024 |
| Ontario | $25.00 | $39.20 | $55.38 | Labour Force Survey, 2023-2024 |
| Manitoba | $25.91 | $36.33 | $49.23 | Small Area Estimation, 2024 |
| Saskatchewan | $25.53 | $39.37 | $53.26 | Small Area Estimation, 2024 |
| Alberta | $27.63 | $41.64 | $54.56 | Small Area Estimation, 2024 |
| British Columbia | $25.88 | $40.31 | $58.66 | Small Area Estimation, 2024 |
Provinces with too little data are not shown. Wages vary by city and employer; see Job Bank for regional figures.
Job outlook
Job outlook by province, 2025–2027
Job Bank rates the 3-year outlook as good or very good in Manitoba.
GoodManitoba
The employment outlook will be Good for other professional occupations in social science (NOC 41409) in Manitoba for the 2025-2027 period.
The following factors contributed to this outlook:
Employment growth will lead to a few new positions.
Several positions will become available due to retirements.
There are a small number of unemployed workers with recent experience in this occupation.
Here are some key facts about other professional occupations in social science in Manitoba:
Approximately 150 people worked in this occupation in May 2021.
Other professional occupations in social science mainly work in the following sectors:
Other professional, scientific and technical services (NAICS 5414, 5416-5419): 27%
Arts, entertainment and recreation (NAICS 71): 21%
Universities (NAICS 6113): 16%
Ambulatory health care services (NAICS 621): 9%
Nursing and residential care facilities (NAICS 623): 8%
The distribution of full-time and part-time workers in this occupation is:
Full-time workers: 72% compared to 81% for all occupations
Part-time workers: 28% compared to 19% for all occupations
69% of other professional occupations in social science work all year, while 31% work only part of the year, compared to 65% and 35% respectively among all occupations. Those who worked only part of the year did so for an average of 44 weeks compared to 43 weeks for all occupations.
40% of other professional occupations in social science are self-employed compared to an average of 12% for all occupations.
The gender distribution of people in this occupation is:
Men: 47% compared to 53% for all occupations
Women: 53% compared to 47% for all occupations
The educational attainment of workers in this occupation is:
no high school diploma: n/a
high school diploma or equivalent: 9% compared to 31% for all occupations
apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma: n/a
college certificate or diploma or university certificate below bachelor's: 6% compared to 17% for all occupations
bachelor's degree: 36% compared to 20% for all occupations
university certificate, degree or diploma above bachelor level: 45% compared to 8% for all occupations
ModerateQuebec
The employment outlook will be Moderate for other professional occupations in social science (NOC 41409) in Quebec for the 2025-2027 period.
The following factors contributed to this outlook:
Employment is expected to remain relatively stable.
Several positions will become available due to retirements.
There are a small number of unemployed workers with recent experience in this occupation.
Here are some key facts about other professional occupations in social science in Quebec:
Approximately 1,600 people work in this occupation.
Other professional occupations in social science mainly work in the following sectors:
Social assistance (NAICS 624): 21%
Other professional, scientific and technical services (NAICS 5414, 5416-5419): 18%
Federal government public administration (NAICS 911): 9%
Arts, entertainment and recreation (NAICS 71): 8%
Provincial and territorial public administration (NAICS 912): 8%
The distribution of full-time and part-time workers in this occupation is:
Full-time workers: 80% compared to 82% for all occupations
Part-time workers: 20% compared to 18% for all occupations
68% of other professional occupations in social science work all year, while 32% work only part of the year, compared to 62% and 38% respectively among all occupations. Those who worked only part of the year did so for an average of 45 weeks compared to 43 weeks for all occupations.
18% of other professional occupations in social science are self-employed compared to an average of 12% for all occupations.
The gender distribution of people in this occupation is:
Men: 27% compared to 52% for all occupations
Women: 73% compared to 48% for all occupations
The educational attainment of workers in this occupation is:
no high school diploma: less than 5% compared to 12% for all occupations
high school diploma or equivalent: less than 5% compared to 19% for all occupations
apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma: less than 5% compared to 19% for all occupations
college certificate or diploma or university certificate below bachelor's: less than 5% compared to 22% for all occupations
bachelor's degree: 47% compared to 17% for all occupations
university certificate, degree or diploma above bachelor level: 43% compared to 11% for all occupations
ModerateAlberta
The employment outlook will be Moderate for other professional occupations in social science (NOC 41409) in Alberta for the 2025-2027 period.
The following factors contributed to this outlook:
Employment growth will lead to a moderate number of new positions.
Several positions will become available due to retirements.
There are a moderate number of unemployed workers with recent experience in this occupation.
Here are some key facts about other professional occupations in social science in Alberta:
Approximately 550 people worked in this occupation in May 2021.
Other professional occupations in social science mainly work in the following sectors:
Other professional, scientific and technical services (NAICS 5414, 5416-5419): 21%
Arts, entertainment and recreation (NAICS 71): 19%
Hospitals (NAICS 622): 15%
Provincial and territorial public administration (NAICS 912): 10%
Architectural, engineering and design services (NAICS 5413): 10%
The distribution of full-time and part-time workers in this occupation is:
Full-time workers: 85% compared to 80% for all occupations
Part-time workers: 15% compared to 20% for all occupations
72% of other professional occupations in social science work all year, while 28% work only part of the year, compared to 61% and 39% respectively among all occupations. Those who worked only part of the year did so for an average of 44 weeks compared to 42 weeks for all occupations.
18% of other professional occupations in social science are self-employed compared to an average of 15% for all occupations.
The gender distribution of people in this occupation is:
Men: 35% compared to 53% for all occupations
Women: 65% compared to 47% for all occupations
The educational attainment of workers in this occupation is:
no high school diploma: less than 5% compared to 10% for all occupations
high school diploma or equivalent: less than 5% compared to 28% for all occupations
apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma: less than 5% compared to 13% for all occupations
college certificate or diploma or university certificate below bachelor's: less than 5% compared to 19% for all occupations
bachelor's degree: 44% compared to 21% for all occupations
university certificate, degree or diploma above bachelor level: 45% compared to 9% for all occupations
ModerateBritish Columbia
The employment outlook will be Moderate for other professional occupations in social science (NOC 41409) in British Columbia for the 2025-2027 period.
The following factors contributed to this outlook:
Employment growth will lead to a few new positions.
Several positions will become available due to retirements.
There are a moderate number of unemployed workers with recent experience in this occupation.
Here are some key facts about other professional occupations in social science in British Columbia:
Approximately 1,250 people worked in this occupation in May 2021.
Other professional occupations in social science mainly work in the following sectors:
Other professional, scientific and technical services (NAICS 5414, 5416-5419): 36%
Local, municipal, regional, aboriginal and other public administration (NAICS 913-919): 9%
Arts, entertainment and recreation (NAICS 71): 7%
Federal government public administration (NAICS 911): 7%
Provincial and territorial public administration (NAICS 912): 7%
The distribution of full-time and part-time workers in this occupation is:
Full-time workers: 85% compared to 78% for all occupations
Part-time workers: 15% compared to 22% for all occupations
70% of other professional occupations in social science work all year, while 30% work only part of the year, compared to 61% and 39% respectively among all occupations. Those who worked only part of the year did so for an average of 45 weeks compared to 42 weeks for all occupations.
22% of other professional occupations in social science are self-employed compared to an average of 17% for all occupations.
The gender distribution of people in this occupation is:
Men: 40% compared to 52% for all occupations
Women: 60% compared to 48% for all occupations
The educational attainment of workers in this occupation is:
no high school diploma: less than 5% compared to 8% for all occupations
high school diploma or equivalent: 7% compared to 28% for all occupations
apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma: less than 5% compared to 13% for all occupations
college certificate or diploma or university certificate below bachelor's: 5% compared to 17% for all occupations
bachelor's degree: 42% compared to 22% for all occupations
university certificate, degree or diploma above bachelor level: 43% compared to 12% for all occupations
UndeterminedNewfoundland and Labrador
An employment outlook has not been assigned to this occupation in this region due to low levels of employment.
UndeterminedPrince Edward Island
An employment outlook has not been assigned to this occupation in this region due to low levels of employment.
UndeterminedNova Scotia
An employment outlook has not been assigned to this occupation in this region due to low levels of employment.
UndeterminedNew Brunswick
An employment outlook has not been assigned to this occupation in this region due to low levels of employment.
UndeterminedOntario
An employment outlook was not assessed due to the number of varied occupations included in this occupational group.
UndeterminedSaskatchewan
An employment outlook has not been assigned to this occupation in this region due to low levels of employment.
UndeterminedNorthwest Territories
An employment outlook has not been assigned to this occupation in this region due to low levels of employment.
UndeterminedNunavut
An employment outlook has not been assigned to this occupation in this region due to low levels of employment.
Source: ESDC Job Bank, 3-year employment outlooks 2025–2027 (released December 2025).
Provinces
Provincial Nominee Programs
A provincial nomination adds 600 CRS points. Most provinces run occupation-targeted draws or in-demand lists, and some accept TEER 4 and 5 occupations that Express Entry does not.
Provincial lists change often, sometimes between draws. We check whether NOC 41409 is being targeted by any province as part of a consultation.
Similar occupations
Related NOC codes
Classified elsewhere
If your duties fit one of these better, use that code instead.
- 41210 College and other vocational instructors
- 41401 Economists and economic policy researchers and analysts
- 21210 Mathematicians, statisticians and actuaries
- 31200 Psychologists
- 41220 Secondary school teachers
- 41403 Social policy researchers, consultants and program officers
- 41200 University professors and lecturers
Same occupation group
Policy and program researchers, consultants and officers
- 41400 Natural and applied science policy researchers, consultants and program officers
- 41401 Economists and economic policy researchers and analysts
- 41402 Business development officers and market researchers and analysts
- 41403 Social policy researchers, consultants and program officers
- 41404 Health policy researchers, consultants and program officers
- 41405 Education policy researchers, consultants and program officers
- 41406 Recreation, sports and fitness policy researchers, consultants and program officers
- 41407 Program officers unique to government
Questions
NOC 41409: common questions
What is the NOC code for other professional occupations in social science?
What TEER category is NOC 41409?
Is NOC 41409 eligible for Express Entry?
Is NOC 41409 a high-wage occupation for Express Entry?
Is NOC 41409 eligible for category-based Express Entry draws?
What is the median wage for NOC 41409 in Canada?
Classification
Where it sits in NOC 2021
- 4Occupations in education, law and social, community and government servicesBroad Category
- 41Professional occupations in law, education, social, community and government servicesMajor Group
- 414Professional occupations in government servicesSub-major Group
- 4140Policy and program researchers, consultants and officersMinor Group
- 41409Other professional occupations in social science
Enquiry
Is NOC 41409 your occupation? Ask us about your options.
Tell us your duties, experience and language scores. We will confirm your NOC code and the Canadian routes that fit.
Sources: Statistics Canada, NOC 2021 Version 1.0, Job Bank wages (2025), Job Bank outlooks 2025–2027 and IRCC. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada. Checked 21 October 2026.
NOC 2026 is due from Statistics Canada in December 2026. IRCC still uses NOC 2021 codes, and this page will show any change once IRCC switches.
This page is general information, not immigration advice. It is not affiliated with or endorsed by the Government of Canada, IRCC or ESDC.
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